Structural validity of the Brazilian version of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index in patients with chronic shoulder pain.

BACKGROUND: The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) is a measuring instrument for pain and disability in patients with shoulder dysfunction. However, its structure is controversial (ie, 1 or 2 domains). PURPOSE: To investigate the structural validity of the Brazilian version of the SPADI in patients with chronic shoulder pain. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Brazilian Portuguese speakers of both genders aged 18 years or older with shoulder pain for at least 90 days (chronic) were included in this study. The structure of the SPADI was assessed by means of exploratory factor analysis with the implementation of parallel analysis and by confirmatory factor analysis. For the latter, the following goodness-of-fit indices were considered: root mean square error of approximation with 90% confidence interval, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, standardized root mean square residual, and chi-square/degrees of freedom. RESULTS: A total of 103 participants were included in the study. The original version of the SPADI with 2 domains and 13 items showed high covariance between domains (0.98), suggesting one-dimensionality. After exploratory factor analysis with the implementation of parallel analysis, one-dimensionality was found in the SPADI. Comparing models with 1 and 2 domains by means of confirmatory factor analysis, both presented adequate values (chi-square/degrees of freedom < 3; comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis index > 0.90; root mean square error of approximation and standardized root mean square residual < 0.08). However, the model with one domain is more suitable for presenting lower values of Akaike information criterion (3308.713) and Bayesian information criterion (3377.216). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the SPADI has a one-dimensional structure with 13 items ("shoulder impairment" construct), in contrast to the version with 2 domains.

Baixo peso ao nascer relacionado fatores gestacionais e maternos no município de Buriticupu - MA / Low weight at birth related to management and material factors in Buriticupu - MA

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência do baixo peso ao nascer e suas respectivas associações com fatores gestacionais e maternos no Município de Buriticupu-MA. Materiais e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de corte popula-cional retrospectivo, onde as informações foram adquiridas através do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivo (SINASC) referentes ao período de 2008 a 2012. Resultados: As variáveis que condicionaram os baixos índices de peso ao nascer foram: idade da mãe, escolaridade materna, sexo do bebê, locais do parto, tipo de parto e consul-tas pré-natais, já as variáveis condicionantes ao fator de risco foram: mulheres que possuem relação conjugal estável, tempo da gestação e gestações primíparas. Conclusão: Através da análise do estudo foi constatado entre os anos de 2008 e 2012 foram registrados no município de Buriticupu 06.934 nascidos vivos, e destes, 223 com Baixo Peso ao Nascer.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low birth weight and their respective associa-tions with gestational and maternal factors in the Municipal-ity of Buriticupu-MA. Materials and methods: A retrospective population-based study using data from the Birth Registration System (SISNAC) during the period of 2008 to 2012. Results: The variables that conditioned low birth weight were: maternal age, maternal schooling, sex of the baby, place of birth, type of delivery and prenatal consultations. The variables conditioning the risk factors were: women with a stable marital relationship, pregnancy time and gestation of primiparous women. Con-clusion: Through the analysis of the study, it was found that, between the years of 2008 and 2012, there were 223 recorded low birth weight in the municipality of Buriticupu, of the 06,934 live births.

Distance learning for teaching in physical education

The objective of this article is to show, by analyzing the curricula of the professional formation in Physical Education, that it is possible the formation of teachers in Distance Learning Physical Education courses since the act of reflecting before, during and after the pedagogical practice characterizes the quality of contemporary educational development. A qualitative research; the present study consists of an analysis of curricula and Professional Training of Distance Learning in Physical Education, subsidized in bibliographic research. As the traditional teaching model prioritizes the selection of the most skilled in the search for the hero athlete, the pedagogical proposal based on reflection is more interesting since not all students will be or wish to be athletes. In this way, distance learning for teaching in physical education seems to be an excellent educational strategy for our postmodern society.(AU)